Anticholinergic Exposure Research Paper - 1045 Words

Additive Anticholinergic Exposure and its Effect on Cognition in Elderly Patients The use of medications with anticholinergic effects is widespread among older adults. Many studies have highlighted a possible association between the use of these drugs and an increased risk of cognitive impairment—particularly dementia. Pfistermeister et al. (2017), Pratt et. al. (2014), and Gray et al. (2015) detail the methodological processes behind their study and the inferences made upon its completion. This paper examines the protocols of each of these studies and highlights their respective findings, suggestions, advantages, and shortcomings. Furthermore, it suggests possible therapeutic alternatives that are less deleterious whilst elaborating on†¦show more content†¦In a similar study conducted by Gray et al. (2015), volunteers consisted of individuals over the age of 65 without dementia. Participants were assessed before the study began and were asked to return every two year s to record health status/medical history and to reevaluate cognitive function using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). The researchers found that the most prevalent or common anticholinergic drug classes were tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, and antimuscarinics for the bladder. They explain how these drugs are prescribed due to age-related health complications, such as over-active bladders, depression, and seasonal allergies. In order to conduct a thorough study, the researchers used the GH online pharmacy to garner information about drug usage, dose, strength, name, etc. After obtaining this information, Gray and his colleagues converted anticholinergic drugs of varying doses into a single exposure value that can account for the total anticholinergic burden. This is referred to as a total standardized daily dose (TSDD). The authors also conducted a secondary analysis in which they calculated hazard ratios for anticholinergic burden according to age, APO E genotype, and sex. Upon completion of the study, Gray et al. found that the risk for dementia increases with higher cumulative anticholinergic use. This conclusion was made following aShow MoreRelatedChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1541 Words   |  7 Pageschronic asthmatic bronchitis – a deadly duo known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Brody, 2012).† The overall disease-state, role of exercise, treatments, and implications are all interrelated when improving patient COPD. Throughout this paper, all will be addressed with the goal to better the understanding of COPD. COPD is becoming prevalent disease within today’s society, ranking as the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and Europe (Kaufman, 2013). 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